As readers read through a paper, they come across superscript numbers like this¹Īt the footer of the page, readers locate the superscript number and view the reference information. A bibliography is also found at the very end of the paper.Ī footnote is a reference found at the footer of the page. Instead of Chicago in-text citations, Notes and Bibliography uses footnotes or endnotes.

This page focuses on Notes and Bibliography, rather than Author-Date. It’s most often used by those working in social sciences and sciences. This system uses in-text citations and bibliographies to structure Chicago citations. It’s most often used by those working in history, literature, and art. This system uses footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies. They can either choose to format their references using the “Notes and Bibliography” system or the “Author-Date” system. Researchers have two options to choose from when they’re ready to reference work in this style. If you’re a student and you’re trying to figure out how to create a Chicago style title page or Chicago style cover page, click here and check out the student resources.

The only difference between between the two is that Turabian’s manual focuses more on the design and structure of a research paper, rather than a formally published piece. Turabian’s structure for references are the same as Chicago. Kate Turabian is an educator who created a spin-off style, specifically for students and others who are using the style for assignments, not to get professionally published. Chicago is a system used by professional researchers and scholars. If your teacher has requested Chicago citations in Turabian, don’t worry, you’ve come to the right place. Many other disciplines use Chicago as well. MLA is often used for language and literature studies, APA format is widely used by science writers, and Chicago is often the preferred choice for those working in history and other social sciences. Other popular systems include MLA format and APA, and Chicago is simply another style to add to the bunch. Your Ultimate Guide to Chicago Style CitationsĬhicago style is a system used by researchers to structure their written work and references.

Endnote example mla